Ho latela mokhoa o fapaneng oa moloko oa li-laser tsa leqhubu le khuts'oane, ho na le mefuta e meraro ea lilase tsa maqhubu a khutsufalitsoeng, e leng lilase tsa semiconductor, fiber lasers le solid-state lasers.Har'a tsona, li-laser tsa boemo bo tiileng li ka aroloa ka li-laser tsa boemo bo tiileng tse ipapisitseng le phetoho ea optical nonlinear wavelength le li-laser tse tiileng tse hlahisang ka kotloloho li-laser tsa maqhubu a makhuts'oane ho tsoa lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa laser.
Li-laser tsa semiconductor li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ho sebetsa tsa laser, 'me bophahamo ba laser bo hlahisoang bo khethoa ke lekhalo la sehlopha sa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor.Ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale a thepa, lihlopha tsa matla tsa lisebelisoa tsa semiconductor li ka hlophisoa ho latela mefuta e mengata ea laser wavelengths ka boenjiniere ba sehlopha sa matla.Ka hona, maqhubu a mangata a makhutšoane a maqhubu a laser a ka fumanoa ka li-lasers tsa semiconductor.
Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa laser tse sebelisang laser ea short-wave infrared semiconductor ke thepa ea phosphor.Mohlala, laser ea indium phosphide semiconductor ea boholo ba 95 μm e na le maqhubu a laser a 1.55 μm le 1.625 μm, mme matla a fihlile ho 1.5 W.
Fiber laser e sebelisa fiber ea khalase e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e e le laser medium le semiconductor laser joalo ka mohloli oa pompo.E na le litšoaneleho tse ntle tse kang moeli o tlase, ts'ebetso e phahameng ea phetoho, boleng bo botle ba sepakapaka, sebopeho se bonolo, le ts'epahalo e phahameng.E ka boela ea nka monyetla oa mahlaseli a mangata a sa tloaelehang a ion ea lefats'e ho etsa laser fiber e hloekisitsoeng ka ho eketsa likarolo tse khethiloeng tsa optical tse kang gratings ho laser resonator.Li-laser tsa fiber li fetohile tataiso ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea theknoloji ea laser.
1.Laser ea boemo bo tiileng
Mecha ea phatlalatso ea "solid-state laser e fumanang" e ka hlahisang ka kotloloho li-lasers tsa maqhubu a makhuts'oane haholo ke Er: likristale tsa YAG le lirafshoa, le likhalase tsa Er-doped.Laser ea solid-state e thehiloeng ho Er: kristale ea YAG le li-ceramics li ka hlahisa ka ho toba 1.645μm short-wave infrared laser, e leng sebaka se chesang lipatlisisong tsa laser infrared laser lilemong tsa morao tjena [3-5].Hajoale, matla a pulse energy a Er: YAG lasers a sebelisang electro-optic kapa acousto-optic Q-switching a fihlile ho 'maloa ho isa ho mashome a mJ, bophara ba pulse ea mashome a ns, le makhetlo a ho pheta-pheta a mashome ho isa ho likete tsa Hz.Haeba 1.532 μm semiconductor laser e sebelisoa e le mohloli oa pompo, E tla ba le melemo e meholo tšimong ea laser e sebetsang ea tlhahlobo le mehato ea laser, haholo-holo phello ea eona ea bolotsana ho lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa laser.
Er glass laser e na le sebopeho se kopaneng, theko e tlase, boima bo bobebe, 'me e khona ho hlokomela ts'ebetso ea Q-switched.Ke mohloli o ratoang oa lebone bakeng sa ho lemoha ka mokhoa o sebetsang oa laser ea short-wave infrared.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la mefokolo e mene ea lisebelisoa tsa khalase ea Er: Ntlha ea pele, bolelele bo bohareng ba maqhubu a ho monya ke 940 nm kapa 976 nm, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho pompa mabone;Ea bobeli, ho lokisoa ha lisebelisoa tsa khalase tsa Er ho thata ebile ha ho bonolo ho etsa boholo bo boholo;Ea boraro, khalase ea Er Thepa e na le lisebelisoa tse futsanehileng tsa mocheso, 'me ha ho bonolo ho finyella ts'ebetso ea ho pheta-pheta nako e telele, ho sa tsotellehe ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele;ea bone, ha ho na lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa Q-switching.Leha lipatlisiso tsa laser ea maqhubu a makhuts'oane tse thehiloeng holim'a khalase ea Er esale li hohela tlhokomelo ea batho, ka lebaka la mabaka a mane a kaholimo, ha ho sehlahisoa se tsoileng.Ho fihlela ka 1990, ka ho hlaha ha li-laser tsa semiconductor tse nang le maqhubu a 940 nm le 980 nm, le ho hlaha ha lisebelisoa tse monyang tse kang Co2+:MgAl2O4 (cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), libotlolo tse peli tse kholo tsa mohloli oa pompo le Q-switching. di robehile.Patlisiso ea li-laser tsa khalase e tsoetse pele ka potlako.Haholo-holo lilemong tsa morao tjena, naha ea heso e nyenyane Er glass laser module, e kopanyang mohloli oa pompo ea semiconductor, khalase ea Er le cavity resonant, e boima ho feta 10 g, 'me e na le matla a tlhahiso ea beche ea 50 kW peak power modules.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e mpe ea mocheso oa thepa ea khalase ea Er, ho pheta-pheta ha mochine oa laser ho ntse ho le tlaase.Leqhubu la laser la module ea 50 kW ke 5 Hz feela, 'me boholo ba laser frequency ea 20 kW module ke 10 Hz, e ka sebelisoang feela lits'ebetsong tse fokolang.
The 1.064 μm laser e hlahisoang ke Nd:YAG pulsed laser e na le matla a holimo ho fihla ho li-megawatts.Ha khanya e matla joalo e momahaneng e feta har'a lisebelisoa tse ling tse khethehileng, li-photon tsa eona li hasane ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang holim'a limolek'hule tsa lintho tse bonahalang, ke hore, li-photon li kenngoa 'me li hlahisoa hoo e batlang e le Low-frequency photon.Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea lintho tse ka finyellang phello ena ea phetoho ea maqhubu: e' ngoe ke likristale tse sa tloaelehang, tse kang KTP, LiNbO3, joalo-joalo;e 'ngoe ke khase ea khatello e phahameng joalo ka H2.Li behe ka har'a lehare la optical resonant ho etsa optical parametric oscillator (OPO).
OPO e ipapisitseng le khase e nang le khatello e phahameng hangata e bua ka "Raman" e hlabollang e hasaneng ea parametric oscillator.Leseli la pompo le kenngoa ka mokhoa o itseng 'me le hlahisa leqhubu la khanya le maqhubu a tlaase.Laser e hōlileng tsebong ea Raman e sebelisa laser ea 1.064 μm ho pompa khase e phahameng ea H2 ho fumana 1.54 μm leqhubu le lekhutšoane la leqhubu la infrared laser.
SETŠOANTŠO 1
Ts'ebeliso e tloaelehileng ea sistimi ea GV ea infrared ea shortwave ke ho nka litšoantšo tsa sebaka se selelele bosiu.Lebone la laser e lokela ho ba lesela le lekhuts'oane le lekhuts'oane la infrared le nang le matla a phahameng a phahameng, 'me maqhubu a eona a pheta-phetoang a lokela ho lumellana le maqhubu a foreimi ea khamera ea strobed.Ho ea ka boemo ba hajoale ba li-lasers tsa maqhubu a makhuts'oane lapeng le kantle ho naha, Er ea diode-pumped Er: YAG lasers le OPO-based 1.57 μm solid-state lasers ke likhetho tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.Maqhubu a ho pheta-pheta le matla a tlhōrō ea laser e nyenyane ea Er glass laser e ntse e hloka ho ntlafatsoa.3.Tšebeliso ea laser e khuts'oane ea infrared ho anti-reconnaissance ea photoelectric
Taba ea mantlha ea "short-wave infrared laser anti-reconnaissance" ke ho khantša lisebelisoa tsa sera tsa "optoelectronic reconnaissance" tse sebetsang ka har'a leqhubu le khuts'oane le nang le mahlaseli a leqhubu le lekhuts'oane, e le hore e ka fumana tlhaiso-leseling e fosahetseng kapa e ke keng ea sebetsa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, kapa esita le. sebui se senyehile.Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli e tloaelehileng ea leqhubu la leqhubu la leqhubu le lekhuts'oane la laser anti-reconnaissance, e leng tšitiso ea ho thetsa bohole ho mochini o sirelletsang mahlo oa laser rangefinder le ts'enyehelo ea khatello ea kh'amera e khuts'oane ea infrared.
1.1 Tšitiso ea thetso ea bohole ho sefinder sa laser rangefinder ea mahlo
Pulsed laser rangefinder e fetola sebaka se pakeng tsa sepheo le sepheo ka nako eo lebelo la laser pulse le eang pele le morao pakeng tsa sebaka sa ho qala le sepheo.Haeba sebui sa rangefinder se amohela likhahla tse ling tsa laser pele lets'oao le bonts'itsoeng la echo le fihla sebakeng sa ho qala, se tla emisa nako, 'me sebaka se fetotsoeng ha se sebaka sa nnete sa sepheo, empa se nyane ho feta sebaka sa nnete sa sepheo.Bohole ba bohata, bo fihlelang sepheo sa ho thetsa bohole ba "rangefinder".Bakeng sa li-laser rangefinders tse sireletsehileng ka mahlo, li-laser tsa maqhubu a maqhubu a makhutšoane a bolelele bo tšoanang li ka sebelisoa ho kenya tšebetsong tšitiso ea thetso ea hole.
Leseare e sebelisang tšitiso ea ho thetsa bohole ea rangefinder e etsisa ponahalo e pharalletseng ea sepheo ho laser, kahoo matla a laser peak a tlase haholo, empa maemo a mabeli a latelang a tlameha ho finyelloa:
1) Leqhubu la laser la wavelength le tlameha ho tšoana le bolelele ba leqhubu la ho sebetsa la "rangefinder" e sitisitsoeng.Sefahla sa litšitiso se kentsoe ka pel'a sesebelisoa sa rangefinder, 'me bandwidth e patisane haholo.Li-laser tse nang le maqhubu a mangata ntle le bolelele ba maqhubu a sebetsang li ke ke tsa fihla sebakeng se nang le foto ea detector.Esita le lasers ea 1.54 μm le 1.57 μm e nang le maqhubu a tšoanang a ke ke a kena-kenana.
2) Leqhubu la ho pheta-pheta laser le tlameha ho ba holimo ka ho lekaneng.Sebui sa rangefinder se arabela ho leqhubu la laser le fihlang sebakeng sa lona sa photosensitive ha feela moeli o lekantsoe.Ho fihlella tšitiso e sebetsang, phallo ea tšitiso e lokela ho kenella bonyane ka har'a heke ea maqhubu a rangefinder 2 ho 3 pulses.Heke ea mefuta e ka finyelloang hona joale e ka tatellano ea μs, kahoo laser e sitisang e tlameha ho ba le maqhubu a phahameng a ho pheta-pheta.Ho nka sebaka se lebeletsoeng sa 3 km e le mohlala, nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa laser ho khutlela morao le pele hang ke 20 μs.Haeba bonyane ho kentsoe li-pulse tse 2, lebelo la ho pheta-pheta laser le tlameha ho fihla ho 50 kHz.Haeba bonyane bo fapaneng ba laser rangefinder e le 300 m, lebelo la ho pheta-pheta la jammer le ke ke la ba ka tlase ho 500 kHz.Ke li-lasers tsa semiconductor feela le li-laser tsa fiber tse ka fihlelang sekhahla se phahameng joalo sa ho pheta-pheta.
1.2 Tšitiso e hatellang le tšenyo ea lik'hamera tsa maqhubu a makhutšoane a infrared
Joalo ka karolo ea mantlha ea sistimi e khuts'oane ea infrared infrared, kh'amera e khuts'oane ea infrared e na le mefuta e lekanyelitsoeng e matla ea matla a ho arabela a sesebelisoa sa eona sa sefofane sa InGaAs.Haeba matla a optical a ketsahalo a feta moeli o ka holimo oa mefuta e mengata ea matla, ho tla ba le saturation, 'me mochine o sitoa ho etsa litšoantšo tse tloaelehileng.Matla a phahameng Laser e tla baka tšenyo e sa feleng ho detector.
Li-lasers tsa semiconductor tsa tlhōrō e tsoelang pele le e tlaase le li-laser tsa fiber tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng a ho pheta-pheta li loketse ho kena-kenana le khatello e tsoelang pele ea lik'hamera tsa maqhubu a khutšoanyane a maqhubu.Lumella kh'amera e khuts'oane ea infrared ka laser.Ka lebaka la phello e kholo-kholo e holisang ea lense ea optical, sebaka se fihletsoeng ke laser sebaka se hasaneng sefofaneng sa InGaAs se tletse haholo, ka hona se ke ke sa nkuoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.Ke feela ka mor'a hore mahlaseli a laser a emisoe ka nako e itseng, ts'ebetso ea litšoantšo e ka khutlela ho tloaelehileng butle-butle.
Ho ea ka liphetho tsa lilemo tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa laser tse sebetsang ka har'a lihlopha tse bonahalang le tse haufi-ufi le liteko tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'enyo ea masimo, ke li-lasers tse khutšoanyane feela tse nang le matla a phahameng a megawatts le holimo li ka baka tšenyo e ke keng ea etsolloa ho TV. lik'hamera tse bohole ba lik'hilomithara.tshenyo.Hore na phello ea tšenyo e ka finyelloa, matla a phahameng a laser ke senotlolo.Ha feela matla a tlhōrō a le holimo ho feta moeli oa tšenyo ea detector, pulse e le 'ngoe e ka senya mochine.Ho latela pono ea bothata ba moralo oa laser, ho felloa ke mocheso le tšebeliso ea matla, ho pheta-pheta ha laser ha ho hlokahale hore ho fihle sekhahla sa kh'amera kapa ho feta, mme 10 Hz ho isa ho 20 Hz e ka kopana le lits'ebetso tsa 'nete tsa ntoa.Ka tlhaho, lik'hamera tsa shortwave infrared le tsona li joalo.
Li-detectors tsa lifofane tsa InGaAs li kenyelletsa li-CCD tsa electron bombardment tse thehiloeng ho InGaAs/InP electron migration photocathodes le CMOS e ileng ea ntlafatsoa hamorao.Merero ea bona ea ho tlatsa le ho senya e lekana le CCD / CMOS e thehiloeng ho Si-based, empa li-detectors tsa InGaAs / InP-based ha li e-s'o fumanoe.Lintlha tse mabapi le ts'ebetso le tšenyo ea li-CCD/COMS.
Ho ea ka boemo ba hona joale ba lasers ea shortwave infrared lapeng le linaheng tse ling, 1.57 μm repetitive frequency solid-state laser e thehiloeng ho OPO e ntse e le khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa tšenyo ea laser ho CCD / COMS.Ts'ebetso ea eona e phahameng ea sepakapaka le matla a phahameng a tlhōrō e phahameng ea laser pulse Lebala le khanyang le litšoaneleho tse sebetsang hantle tsa pulse e le 'ngoe li totobetse bakeng sa matla a bonolo a bolaeang a tsamaiso ea nako e telele ea optoelectronic e nang le lik'hamera tsa infrared tsa maqhubu a khutšoanyane.
2 .Qetello
Li-lasers tsa maqhubu a makhutšoane tse nang le maqhubu a pakeng tsa 1.1 μm le 1.7 μm li na le phetisetso e phahameng ea sepakapaka le bokhoni bo matla ba ho phunyeletsa moholi, pula, lehloa, mosi, lehlabathe le lerōle.Ha e bonahale ho lisebelisoa tsa setso tse bobebe tse tlase tsa pono ea bosiu.Laser e sehlopheng sa 1.4 μm ho isa ho 1.6 μm e bolokehile bakeng sa leihlo la motho, 'me e na le likarolo tse ikhethang tse kang sebui se seng se holile se nang le bophahamo ba tlhōrō ea maqhubu mofuteng ona,' me e fetohile tataiso ea bohlokoa ea nts'etsopele bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea sesole sa laser.
Pampiri ena e sekaseka litšoaneleho tsa tekheniki le boemo ba li-lasers tse 'ne tse tloaelehileng tsa maqhubu a makhuts'oane, ho kenyeletsoa phosphor semiconductor lasers, Er-doped fiber lasers, Er-doped solid-state lasers, le OPO-based solid-state lasers, 'me e akaretsa ts'ebeliso. ea li-lasers tsena tsa maqhubu a makhutšoane tsa infrared ho tlhahlobo e sebetsang ea photoelectric.Lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng tsa anti-reconnaissance.
1) Matla a tsoelang pele le a tlase a phahameng a pheta-pheta phosphor semiconductor lasers le Er-doped fiber lasers li sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa mabone a thusang bakeng sa ho shebella sebaka se selelele le ho shebana le bosiu le ho thibela ho kena-kenana le lik'hamera tsa li-infrared tsa sera.Li-laser tsa phosphor semiconductor tse pheta-phetoang tse phahameng tse pheta-phetoang le Er-doped fiber lasers le tsona ke mehloli e metle ea leseli bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea mahlo a tsamaiso ea methapo e mengata, ho tloha ka laser scanning imaging radar le tšitiso ea leihlo la polokeho ea laser rangefinder sebaka.
2) Li-lasers tsa OPO-based solid-state tse nang le sekhahla se tlase sa ho pheta-pheta empa ka matla a tlhōrō ea li-megawatts kapa esita le li-megawatts tse leshome li ka sebelisoa haholo ho radar ea ho nahana ka flash, ho shebella nako e telele ea laser gating bosiu, tšenyo ea leqhubu le lekhutšoane Mokhoa oa setso o hole mahlo a motho Polokeho laser ho tloha.
3) Laser e nyane ea khalase ea Er ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tse holang ka potlako tsa li-laser tsa maqhubu a makhutšoane lilemong tsa morao tjena.Maemo a hona joale a matla le a ho pheta-pheta a ka sebelisoa ho li-finder tse nyane tsa laser rangefinders.Ha nako e ntse e ea, hang ha matla a phahameng a fihla boemong ba megawatt, a ka sebelisoa bakeng sa radar ea ho etsa litšoantšo ka flash, laser gating observation, le tšenyo ea laser lik'hamera tsa maqhubu a makhutšoane a infrared.
4) Laser ea diode-pumped Er:YAG laser e patileng sesebelisoa sa temoso sa laser ke tataiso e kholo ea nts'etsopele ea li-laser tsa maqhubu a matla a makhuts'oane a infrared.E na le bokhoni bo boholo ba ts'ebeliso ho flash lidar, ho shebella sebaka se selelele sa laser hating bosiu, le tšenyo ea laser.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, kaha lisebelisoa tsa libetsa li na le litlhoko tse phahameng le tse phahameng bakeng sa ho kopanya lisebelisoa tsa optoelectronic, lisebelisoa tsa laser tse nyenyane le tse bobebe li fetohile mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa ho nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa laser.Li-laser tsa semiconductor, fiber lasers le miniature lasers tse nang le boholo bo nyane, boima bo bobebe le tšebeliso e tlase ea matla Li-lasers tsa khalase tsa Er li fetohile tataiso e ka sehloohong ea nts'etsopele ea li-laser tsa maqhubu a makhuts'oane.Haholo-holo, li-laser tsa fiber tse nang le boleng bo botle ba mahlaseli li na le bokhoni bo botle ba ts'ebeliso ea mabone a tlatselletsang a bosiu, ho lebela le ho tsepamisa maikutlo, ho lekola lidara tsa ho nka litšoantšo, le tšitiso ea laser.Leha ho le joalo, matla / matla a mefuta ena e meraro ea li-lasers tse nyane le tse bobebe ka kakaretso a tlase, 'me a ka sebelisoa feela bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling tsa nako e khuts'oane tsa tlhahlobo,' me ha a khone ho fihlela litlhoko tsa tlhahlobo ea nako e telele le tlhahlobo ea khaunta.Ka hona, sepheo sa nts'etsopele ke ho eketsa matla a laser / matla.
Li-laser tse thehiloeng ho OPO-based solid-state li na le boleng bo botle ba seriti le matla a holimo a holimo, 'me melemo ea tsona ho shebelleng liheke tsa sebaka se selelele, radar ea ho nahana ka flash le tšenyo ea laser li ntse li bonahala haholo, mme matla a laser a tsoang le maqhubu a pheta-pheto a laser a lokela ho eketseha le ho feta. .Bakeng sa li-lasers tsa Er:YAG tse nang le diode-pumped, haeba matla a pulse a eketseha ha bophara ba pulse bo ntse bo hatelloa le ho feta, e tla ba khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa ho li-laser tsa OPO solid-state.E na le melemo ea ho shebella sebaka se selelele sa heke, radar ea litšoantšo tsa flash, le tšenyo ea laser.Monyetla o moholo oa ts'ebeliso.
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